Today, we are announcing Port Forwarding for AWS Systems Manager Session Manager. When the tunnel is established, I can point my browser at to connect to my private web server on port 80. This command tells SSH to connect to instance as user ec2-user, open port 9999 on my local laptop, and forward everything from there to localhost:80 on the instance. To access the web server from my laptop, I create a SSH tunnel between my laptop and the web server, as shown below Only local processes can access the web server. These files are private, I do not want anybody else to access that web server, therefore I configure my web server to bind only on 127.0.0.1 and I do not add port 80 to the instance’ security group. Let’s imagine I am running a web server for easy private file transfer between an EC2 instance and my laptop. SSH tunneling is a powerful but lesser known feature of SSH that alows you to to create a secure tunnel between a local host and a remote service. Many customers are also using SSH tunnel to remotely access services not exposed to the public internet. Interactive shell on EC2 instances is not the only use case for SSH. When Systems Manager‘s Agent is installed on your instances and when you have IAM permissions to call Systems Manager API, you can use the AWS Management Console or the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) to securely connect to your Linux or Windows EC2 instances. To further reduce the surface of attack, the operational burden to manage bastion hosts and the additional costs incurred, AWS Systems Manager Session Manager allows you to securely connect to your EC2 instances, without the need to run and to operate your own bastion hosts and without the need to run SSH on your EC2 instances. To connect to your EC2 instance, you first SSH / RDP into the bastion host and, from there, to the destination EC2 instance. This special purpose EC2 instance is designed to be the primary access point from the Internet and acts as a proxy to your other EC2 instances. To reduce the surface of attack, AWS recommends using a bastion host, also known as a jump host. However, when migrating existing applications to the cloud, it is common to connect to your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances to perform a variety of management or operational tasks. They very rarely connect to servers over SSH or RDP to update configuration or to deploy software updates. I increasingly see customers adopting the immutable infrastructure architecture pattern: they rebuild and redeploy an entire infrastructure for each update.
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